Manuel Silva Suárez

 

Manuel Silva

Prof. Manuel Silva Suárez

Sevilla, 1951 – Zaragoza, 2022

University of Zaragoza

 

 

Manuel Silva, Catedrático de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática en la Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura de la Universidad de Zaragoza desde 1981, miembro del Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A) y del Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas (DIIS), nos ha dejado el 28 de noviembre de 2022.

 

Manuel se incorporó a la Universidad de Zaragoza en septiembre de 1978 tras finalizar su doctorado en el Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (Francia). Fue profesor agregado y fundador del Departamento de Control Automático (1978), hoy transformado en el Departamento de Informática e Ingeniería de Sistemas. Sus intereses de investigación están relacionados con los Sistemas de Eventos Discretos siendo bien conocido por sus contribuciones sobre el análisis estructural de las redes de Petri en todo el mundo. Introductor del paradigma formal de las redes de Petri en España es autor del libro pionero “Las Redes de Petri: en la Automática y la Informática” (Editorial AC, 1985). Co-autor del libro Practice of Petri Nets in Manufacturing (Chapman and Hall, 1993)  y coeditor del Control of discrete event systems. Perspectives of automata and Petri nets (Springer, 2012). Pionero en robótica en España, fue impulsor y director técnico de ROBOTICA, la Feria de Robótica (FNOM de Zaragoza, 1984-1989), y coeditor del libro Inteligencia Artificial y Robótica Industrial (Publicaciones de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 1985).

 

• Decano de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial (1987-89), y del Centro Politécnico Superior (1989-93).

• Presidente de la CONAI (Consejo Aragonés de Investigación, 1993-95) y de la Comisión de Investigación e Innovación de la Comisión de Trabajo de los Pirineos (1994-95).

 • Medalla de la ciudad de Lille (1996).

• Miembro de la Real Academia de Ingeniería de España (2000).

Premio del Colegio de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación (2001).

• Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Reims-Champagne-Ardennes (2005).

• Miembro de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Zaragoza (2014).

• Premio Nacional de Control Automático (CEA/IFAC, Comité Español de Control Automático/Federación Internacional de Control Automático, 2018).

• Diploma de Honor del Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros Industriales (2020)

• Editor y coautor de la enciclopedia Técnica e Ingeniería en España, coeditada por la Real Academia de Ingeniería, la Institución Fernando el Católico y la Universidad de Zaragoza.

 

 

 

 

 

Mensajes de condolencia para la familia:

 

 

Manuel Silva, Full Professor of Systems Engineering and Automation at the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Zaragoza since 1981, member of the Engineering Research Institute of Aragon (I3A) and the Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering (DIIS), has left us on November 28, 2022.

 

  Manuel joined University of Zaragoza in September 1978 after finishing his PhD in Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (France). He was aggregated professor and founder of the Department on Automatic Control (1978), today transformed into the Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, becoming full professor in January 1983. His research interests are related to the Discrete Event Systems being well known for his contributions on structural analysis of Petri nets in all over the world. Introducer of the formal paradigm of Petri nets in Spain authored the pioneering book Las Redes de Petri: en la Automática y la Informática (Editorial AC, 1985). Co-author of Practice of Petri Nets in Manufacturing. (Chapman and Hall, 1993) and co-editor of Control of discrete event systems. Perspectives of automata and Petri nets (Springer, 2012). Pioneers in robotics in Spain, was promoter and technical responsible of ROBOTICA, the Int.Fair of Robotics (FNOM de Zaragoza, 1984-1989), and co-editor of the book Inteligencia Artificial y Robótica Industrial (Publicaciones de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 1985).

 

Dean of the High Technical School on Industrial Engineering (1987-89), and of the High Polytechnic Center (1989-93).

• President of the CONAI (Aragonese Research Council, 1993-95) and of the Research and Innovation Committee of the Working Commission of the Pyrenees (1994-95).•Medal of the city of Lille (1996).

•  Medal of the city of Lille (1996).

Member of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain (2000).

Award from the Association of Telecommunications Engineers (2001).

Doctor Honoris Causa by the Univ. of Reims-Champagne-Ardennes (2005).

Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Zaragoza (2014).

National Automatic Control Award (CEA/IFAC, Spanish Committee of Automatic Control/ International Federation of Automatic Control, 2018).

Diploma of Honor from the Official College of Industrial Engineers (2020)

Editor and co-author of the encyclopedia Técnica e Ingeniería en España, co-published by the Royal Academy of Engineering, the Fernando el Católico Institution, and the University of Zaragoza.

 

Condolence messages for the family:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comments

Keeping your health in top condition is crucial; hence, managing your fluid levels with medication is key to preventing related health issues. For those in need, you can buy [URL=https://cubscoutpack152.org/drug/nizagara/]nizagara 25mg canadian pharmacy[/URL] , a reliable choice for maintaining your health.

Seeking relief from BPH symptoms? Explore your options with <a href="https://lokakshemayagna.org/flomax-0-4mg/">flomax generic</a> , a remedy for alleviating prostate enlargement symptoms.

Discover safe and straightforward ways to acquire your pain relief solutions. With our wide selection, you can get https://breathejphotography.com/drugs/prednisone/ without hassle.

Explore your options for acquiring essential hypertension treatment by visiting [URL=https://karachigo.com/drugs/misoprost/]misoprost without an rx[/URL] , where a variety of cost-effective healthcare alternatives await.

For enhancing your eyelashes, consider trying [URL=https://goldenedit.com/cialis/]cialis coupons[/URL] , a cost-effective solution. This remedy intends to boost the appearance of your lashes, making them longer.

Discover alternative therapies for enhancing your health with <a href="https://beingproficient.com/item/finasteride/">finasteride toronto online</a> .

Unlock significant savings and convenience when you buy your prescription virtually. Experience the ease of securing quality healthcare products without leaving your home. Click here https://cubscoutpack152.org/product/tadalafil/ to start your journey towards better health.

X-ray your options for budget-friendly medical treatments by exploring the [URL=https://karachigo.com/drugs/tadapox/]tadalafil[/URL] , an important item in your pharmacy arsenal.

Facing menopausal symptoms? Find relief with [URL=https://maker2u.com/item/estrace/]estradiol[/URL] , your trusted option for hormone therapy.

Keeping your health in optimum condition is critical; thankfully, acquiring necessary medications has never been easier. Those looking to procure <a href="https://classybodyart.com/amoxicillin/">amoxicillin brand</a> can now do so with unparalleled convenience, ensuring your wellbeing is always a top priority.

Secure your well-being and save cash by exploring our https://shecanmagazine.com/propranolol-40mg/ , featuring a selection of high-quality options for enhancing male health.

Get your daily Cialis conveniently and securely by clicking [URL=https://center4family.com/ventolin/]salbutamol inhaler buy online[/URL] . Whether you're looking to acquire for individual use or addressing a issue, you'll find top-notch options available on the internet.

Secure your health with ease; procure your prescription with ease through our digital service. For those managing cardiovascular conditions, <a href="https://chicagosfinestccl.com/item/tadalafil/">buy tadalafil online australia</a> now and guarantee your wellbeing.

I discovered that purchasing https://tnterra.org/drugs/prednisone/ can be effortlessly done online, ensuring that you receive your medication swiftly.

Explore your options and obtain your prescription seamlessly [URL=https://tnterra.org/drugs/prednisone/]buy prednisone uk[/URL] .

Get respite from nasal allergies with a affordable solution. Purchase [URL=https://ad-visorads.com/drug/tadalafil/]real cheep tadalafil[/URL] online for a hassle-free experience.

Your quest for affordable hydroxychloroquine ends here. Discover the current rates at <a href="https://shecanmagazine.com/hydroxychloroquine/">hydroxychloroquine online canada</a> , your ultimate choice for cost-effective healthcare solutions.

Your search ends here! Secure your https://ad-visorads.com/drug/fildena/ effortlessly. Say goodbye to eye discomfort today!

Жаль, что сейчас не могу высказаться - опаздываю на встречу. Освобожусь - обязательно выскажу своё мнение.
на страницах нашего сайта вы сможете сравнить товары, [url=http://aislink.net/2019/07/11/cupom-pin/]http://aislink.net/2019/07/11/c... стоимость и узнать максимально конкретную информацию о продукции сразу в аккаунте.

Medicines information leaflet. Cautions.
<a href="https://estradiol1day.top/">cost of cheap estradiol price</a>
All news about drugs. Get information now.

Allergy sufferers can locate relief by acquiring [URL=https://chicagosfinestccl.com/drug/lasix-40mg/]lasix[/URL] , a proven solution.

Discover the ease of securing your medication with just a click. <a href="https://chicagosfinestccl.com/drug/pharmacy-prices-for-lasix/">lasix 40mg</a> offers a hassle-free solution to order your prescription from the convenience of your home.

Zest up your love life with picking up your https://ad-visorads.com/product/vardenafil/ on the web.

Howdy! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this site? I'm getting tired of Wordpress because I've had problems with hackers and I'm looking at alternatives for another platform. I would be awesome if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.

Keep your prostate health in check with [URL=https://lokakshemayagna.org/zoloft/]shop zoloft[/URL] , available for order through our site, ensuring you receive premium treatment affordably and efficiently.

Acquiring <a href="https://glenwoodwine.com/zoloft/">zoloft on line</a> is now feasible. Explore options to purchase this vital therapy with ease online.

Quickly obtain your https://beingproficient.com/orlistat/ sans trouble of a medical consultation.

dark markets <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">darknet market list </a> dark web search engine

dark internet <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">deep web drug url </a> darkmarket link

Having trouble finding affordable treatment options? Look no further for [URL=https://shecanmagazine.com/viagra-tablets/]viagra 75mg[/URL] . Get your much-needed medication without breaking the bank.

Invest in your health by choosing <a href="https://charlotteelliottinc.com/canadian-pharmacy/">pharmacy</a> for superior cholesterol management solutions. This medication is designed to lower your cholesterol levels effectively.

Opt for a safer, alternatively flavored version of a well-known enhancer directly Canadian-sourced: https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/prednisone-20-mg/ .

For those with allergies, finding affordable relief is key. Discover how [URL=https://columbiainnastoria.com/kamagra/]kamagra[/URL] can help in managing your symptoms, providing both quality and value.

На сегодняшний день самым эстетичным методом протезирования считаются безметалловые коронки. При этом под словом «керамика» подразумеваются самые разные химические соединения <a href="https://studiaulybki.ru">волгоград стоматология протезирование</a>

На сегодняшний день самым эстетичным методом протезирования считаются безметалловые коронки. При этом под словом «керамика» подразумеваются самые разные химические соединения <a href="https://studiaulybki.ru">имплантация зубов в волгограде цены под ключ</a>

Discover affordable relief for joint pain and inflammation. Now you can purchase [URL=https://yourdirectpt.com/vidalista-price-at-walmart/]vidalista price at walmart[/URL] . This effective treatment offers the solution for managing discomfort with convenience.

Obtain non-prescription options for managing edema, including <a href="https://recipiy.com/retin-a/">retin-a micro gel</a> , online. Explore multiple options for safe solution now.

Yes, for those seeking to relieve pain and inflammation, https://lokakshemayagna.org/item/lasix-100mg/ could be your go-to choice.

Seeking a solution for hair loss? Discover how to acquire [URL=https://karachigo.com/finasteride/]finasteride 5mg[/URL] , a effective method to tackle balding safely.

Discover your solution to ED with ease. Acquire <a href="https://oliveogrill.com/walmart-viagra-100mg-price/">viagra generic uk</a> now and regain the confidence that's been missing.

Just unveiled: Get astonishing discounts on your next purchase with our exclusive https://happytrailsforever.com/cialis-20-mg-lowest-price/ . Hurry, seize an incredible opportunity to cut costs on your medication.

Many are searching for effective treatments; discover trusted options and secure [URL=https://northtacomapediatricdental.com/buy-prednisone/]prednisone without prescription for dogs[/URL] .

Zeroing in on your health concerns, it's vital to explore effective treatments. For those seeking an alternative, [URL=https://uofeswimming.com/product/sildalis/]where to buy sildalis online[/URL] might present a hopeful solution.

Zipping through your options for handling impotence? Discover a convenient solution by choosing to acquire <a href="https://fpny.org/viagra/">viagra</a> .

Keeping your health in optimal condition is crucial; hence, acquiring necessary medications conveniently is key. For those in need, https://a1sewcraft.com/viagra-online/ offers a seamless solution. Alternative options include Purchase vital drug online with ease and reliability.

Purchase the [URL=https://nikonphotorecovery.com/flomax-online/]flomax online[/URL] online to ensure you get high-caliber medication with convenience.

deep web drug markets <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">darknet site </a> darknet seiten

darknet search engine <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">tor darknet </a> darkmarkets

Согласен с вами
statistics published by soccerstats are very extensive, and provide probability to [url=https://algroup.finance/how-to-make-your-product-stand-out-with-betwinne... even on наиболее|наиболееименитых niche markets.

Мне посоветовали сайт, с огромным количеством информации по интересующей Вас теме.
esto dependera de la politica|posicion interna area de juego y la velocidad atestiguacion transacciones en la CRIPTOMONEDA [url=https://www.studiodipirro.it/2022/10/21/detrazioni-fiscali-per-intervent... en blockchain.

Zillions pursue effective hair loss solutions; [URL=https://goldenedit.com/pharmacy/]generic pharmacy[/URL] provides a promising choice.

Keep your mental health in balance by securing your antidepressants efficiently. Explore convenient options to obtain Cymbalta from a <a href="https://jomsabah.com/drugs/cymbalta/">cymbalta</a> , ensuring you always have access to your prescription without hassle.

Just discover how https://goldenedit.com/item/priligy/ can improve your wellness, offering a powerful solution for enhanced performance.

Obtain your prescription without hassle via [URL=https://cubscoutpack152.org/product/propranolol/]propranolol cost per pill[/URL] , a reliable solution for handling your symptoms.

Knowing the price of medication is vital, discover the most competitive <a href="https://nikonphotorecovery.com/item/prednisone/">buy prednisone no prescription</a> for your needs.

X-ray your budget and find how much you can conserve on your next purchase with https://shecanmagazine.com/cialis-without-pres/ , a method to get your essentials at better rates.

<a href=http://rogerfilms.com/index.php?title=Как_купить_диплом_официально_и_без_риска:_советы_и_рекомендации/>Как правильно приобрести диплом колледжа или ПТУ в России, важные моменты</a>

You can acquire your [URL=https://bayridersgroup.com/clonidine/]clonidine[/URL] on the internet, providing a straightforward way to manage hypertension.

Experiencing allergic reactions? Locate relief by selecting to acquire <a href="https://tnterra.org/levitra-20mg/">buy levitra</a> . This efficient treatment is available for allergy sufferers.

Key to treating bacterium-related diseases effectively, acquiring https://ad-visorads.com/product/bactrim/ via web ensures quick, secure, and efficient healthcare solutions.

Get your [URL=https://oliveogrill.com/ciprofloxacin-500mg/]ciprofloxacin 500 mg tablets[/URL] prescription renewed online sans fuss, ensuring quick relief and efficient treatment of your symptoms.

Get your medication easily with fast delivery; click here to <a href="https://coastal-ims.com/drug/zithromax/">buy zithromax</a> now.

Get the best deals on coronary wellness supplements when you acquire https://goldenedit.com/item/ventolin/ .

Discover how you can obtain your [URL=https://cubscoutpack152.org/drug/cialis-daily/]cialis daily[/URL] without hassle and begin a fresh chapter in your wellness.

Unlock significant savings on eye care medication by choosing to <a href="https://beingproficient.com/item/doxycycline/">doxycycline hyclate</a> . Explore alternatives to purchase this vital treatment with convenience and confidence online.

The cost of https://fpny.org/prednisone/ differs widely depending on the location you acquire them.

[url=https://krak17-at.ru/]как зайти на кракен[/url] - кракен даркнет, kra17.at

dark market link <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">free dark web </a> darkmarket 2024

navigating the vast world of online pharmacies, one often wonders [URL=https://columbiainnastoria.com/drugs/generic-lasix-canada/]generic lasix canada[/URL] . Whether you’re looking to acquire this specific treatment, guaranteeing a safe source is paramount.

Navigating the world of medication can be daunting. When seeking relief for heart-related ailments, knowing where to acquire prescribed treatments is crucial. <a href="https://fontanellabenevento.com/product/cipro/">cipro</a> ensures you are able to find essential heart medication easily.

Looking for a reliable source to get your medications? Look no further than https://breathejphotography.com/tinidazole-lowest-price/ , your ultimate shop for all healthcare needs. Whether you're seeking prescription solutions or OTC supplies, we ensure top-notch products and fast shipment.

Having trouble finding a reliable source for your antibiotic needs? Your search ends here. Get [URL=https://classybodyart.com/amoxicillin/]amoxicillin 1000mg[/URL] safely and without hassle.

Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful post. Thank you for providing this information.

Get your longed-forgrowth with thissolution. [URL=https://fleurandarbor.com/prednisone-generic-pills/]prednisone generic pills[/URL] now for enhanced results.

Acquire <a href="https://tei2020.com/nizagara/">nizagara order on line</a> easily for managing your health issue.

Discover the most cost-effective rates for your cardiovascular wellness needs with https://oliveogrill.com/ciprofloxacin-500mg/ .

Keep your eyes healthier by managing glaucoma and ocular hypertension effectively. Obtain [URL=https://transylvaniacare.org/staxyn/]buy staxyn no prescription[/URL] from our website and enjoy the convenience of home delivery.

tor market <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">darknet markets </a> the dark internet

dark web search engine <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">darknet drug market </a> dark internet

deep web sites <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">darkmarket 2024 </a> deep web markets

Visit [URL=https://classybodyart.com/cialis-online-uk/]cialis[/URL] to acquire your treatment without hassle.

X-ray your budget no more! Discover the <a href="https://fleurandarbor.com/viagra/">viagra 100mg</a> and see how cost-effective treatment can be. Whether you're looking for ADHD management solutions, we've got your back. Save funds without sacrificing quality.

Need an effective, comprehensive solution for your health? Explore the https://beingproficient.com/orlistat/ , your go-to choice for advanced wellness and vitality.

Join our community to acquire your [URL=https://mychik.com/pill/ginette-35/]ginette 35 from india[/URL] and explore numerous options for reproductive health products.

Need to cut down on your prescription costs? Discover the best deals by accessing a [URL=https://frankfortamerican.com/ciprofloxacin-500-mg/]buy ciprofloxacin[/URL] now.

Questioning where to locate effective solutions for your eye concerns? Find <a href="https://monticelloptservices.com/product/tadapox-no-prescription/">tadapox no prescription</a> , a premier option for treating ocular pressure.

Get rapid relief from gout with this trusted and efficient medication. Purchase https://breathejphotography.com/finasteride/ today for swift delivery.

Get respite from seizure disorders now. Discover more at [URL=https://goldenedit.com/pharmacy/]pharmacy[/URL] .

Hi, Neat post. There's an issue together with your website in web explorer, could check this? IE nonetheless is the market chief and a big element of folks will miss your great writing due to this problem.

Discover how [URL=https://lokakshemayagna.org/flomax/]tamsulosin[/URL] can reduce symptoms of an enlarged prostate by exploring our website.

Research indicates that achieving thicker, longer eyelashes doesn't always require a doctor's visit. Explore options to improve your eyelash appearance safely at home with <a href="https://goldenedit.com/item/cytotec/">buy cytotec without prescription</a> , a preferred choice for individuals looking to enhance their natural beauty.

Beat allergies with a click! Discover budget-friendly relief by opting to purchase your https://columbiainnastoria.com/lasix/ . Say goodbye to allergic reactions effortlessly.

Pain relief after working out doesn't have to be hard. Find [URL=https://northtacomapediatricdental.com/buy-prednisone/]prednisone pack[/URL] , your go-to solution for easing pain.

Your search for enhanced vitality ends here; order [URL=https://damcf.org/vidalista/]normal dosage for vidalista[/URL] on the internet for unmatched results.

To secure your health without emptying your wallet, <a href="https://oliveogrill.com/generic-levitra/">generic levitra</a> is your best bet. Discover budget-friendly solutions for managing cardiovascular diseases with ease.

Revitalize your eyelashes with safe and affordable solutions. Discover myriad benefits by exploring https://breathejphotography.com/drugs/topamax/ . Achieve stunning results for a fraction of the cost.

Zipping through your options for controlling erectile dysfunction? Learn about a streamlined solution by choosing to acquire [URL=https://luzilandianamidia.com/pill/viagra/]viagra for sale[/URL] .

Managing ADHD symptoms can be challenging, but with the right medication, it's definitely within reach. Explore your options and discover how <a href="https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/www-levitra-com/">acheter du levitra 10 mg pills</a> can be a game-changer in your treatment plan.

You can discover efficient solace for gastrointestinal discomfort with https://heavenlyhappyhour.com/www-levitra-com/ , on offer online.

Zero worries about aging signs with [URL=https://cubscoutpack152.org/product/synthroid/]levothyroxine[/URL] , as you secure a route to revitalized vibrance.

It's an remarkable paragraph in support of all the web people; they will obtain benefit from it I am sure.

Procure your antifungal medication at unbeatable rates; locate the [URL=https://brazosportregionalfmc.org/tadalafil-walmart/]tadalafil walmart[/URL] effortlessly.

Discover how to secure your medications effortlessly with <a href="https://the7upexperience.com/drugs/viagra/">lowest price viagra 50</a> , ensuring privacy and ease.

Secure your heart rhythm management treatment swiftly with https://lokakshemayagna.org/bentyl/ . Shop now for rapid delivery.

Considering your need for reliable iron supplementation, explore our options for [URL=https://brazosportregionalfmc.org/tadalafil-walmart/]canada generic cialis[/URL] . No matter if you're looking to combat iron deficiency or simply enhance your overall health, uncover a budget-friendly solution on our site.

darkmarket link <a href="https://darknetmarketstore.com/ ">deep web markets </a> darkmarkets

To secure [URL=https://bayridersgroup.com/product/priligy/]buy priligy 30 for sale[/URL] , explore our credible source to guarantee safety and authenticity.

To acquire Azithromycin without a prescription, click here <a href="https://nikonphotorecovery.com/prednisone/">generic prednisone from india</a> for trusted options.

For individuals seeking affordable diuretic options, our https://fountainheadapartmentsma.com/product/trioday/ provides a reliable solution. You can order the medication through our online platform easily and securely.

Aches and pains can interrupt your day, but relief is within reach. Discover your options and consider [URL=https://nikonphotorecovery.com/prednisone/]cost of prednisone 40 mg[/URL] for quick alleviation. This could be the solution you're looking for.

Xperience seamless relief from motion sickness with our top-rated solution. Discover [URL=https://airjamaicacharter.com/pill/discount-prednisone/]discount prednisone[/URL] and embark on your journeys with confidence.

When looking to acquire <a href="https://tnterra.org/generic-cialis-uk/">generic cialis uk</a> , think about multiple platforms providing it via the internet.

Improve your well-being easily, purchase your pharmaceuticals online. Don't miss out on special offers at https://maker2u.com/item/orlistat/ .

Discover affordable alternatives to the brand-name medication with [URL=https://beingproficient.com/amoxicillin/]amoxicillin no prescription[/URL] , supplying comprehensive solution for bacterial infections.

It's actually a nice and useful piece of information. I am glad that you shared this useful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.

<a href="https://mymedicalshop365.top/furosemide-tablets/">where can i get cheap furosemide without dr prescription</a>

Pages

Add new comment

Plain text

  • No HTML tags allowed.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
17 + 3 =
Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4.